For many people, there is nothing more fulfilling in life than travel. However, for people living with heart disease or hypertension, the thought of travel comes with hesitation and concerns about potential health risks.
These concerns are valid. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), medical emergencies occur on approximately 1 in 600 flights, and some are related to high blood pressure. One of the most common worries is the risk of developing blood clots, which are elevated during prolonged periods of immobility, especially for those with hypertension or heart disease.
But the good news is that a diagnosis of heart disease or high blood pressure does not mean that traveling has to end. Thoughtful planning and a few precautionary steps can ensure a smooth and healthy trip. Here’s what to know to travel safely and confidently when you’re living with hypertension or heart disease.
Understanding High Blood Pressure And Heart Disease
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, occurs when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high (140/90 mmHg or higher). While common, it can become serious if left untreated.
Heart disease refers to a broad range of conditions that affect the heart. These include blood vessel diseases, such as coronary artery disease, and irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias). The term applies to heart conditions you’re born with, diseases of the heart muscle, congenital heart defects, and heart valve disorders.
As of 2024, the World Health Organization estimates that 1.4 billion adults aged 30 to 79 are living with hypertension worldwide. Another 600 million are unaware they have the condition. In addition, more than 244 million people are living with coronary artery disease as of 2020.
Preparing For Travel With Heart Disease or Hypertension
Before Your Trip
The most important first step is to discuss your travel plans with your healthcare provider. Use this time to discuss your medications, planned activities, potential risks, and necessary restrictions. Your provider can also ensure you have an adequate medication supply to cover your trip, interruptions or delays, as well as documentation if you are traveling with controlled substances.
Bring copies of your prescriptions in case a refill is needed, and leave additional copies with a trusted friend or family member. While pill organizers may be convenient, it’s best to keep medications in their original labeled containers to avoid complications with airport security or customs officials.
Always pack your medications in your carry-on. In the days leading up to your trip, prioritize staying hydrated because dehydration can increase the risk of complications. Limiting alcohol and caffeine is also recommended.
At The Airport or Train Station
Travel days can be stressful, so try to stay calm and flexible, even if delays or disruptions occur. Managing stress is just as important as eating healthy.
Choose low-sodium meals and snacks, and continue to hydrate regularly. Avoid overly salty foods, which can contribute to fluid retention and elevated blood pressure. Your primary focus at the airport, train stations, or rest stops should be to stretch to support healthy circulation and hydration.
During Flights and Long Rides
Sitting for extended periods can slightly increase the risk of blood clots in otherwise healthy individuals. That risk may be higher for people with heart disease or high blood pressure.
Your time on long hauls is the most important step in avoiding medical emergencies. Make it a point to move, walk the aisles, and flex your legs every 1-2 hours to prevent clots.
Pay close attention to how you feel. Symptoms such as chest pain, dizziness, shortness of breath, or unusual fatigue should never be ignored. Keep your clothes light and breathable to help regulate your body temperature and make it easier to recognize changes in your body.
Choosing Destinations Wisely
Certain environments may place additional strain on the cardiovascular system. High-altitude destinations, for example, have lower oxygen levels, which can increase heart rate and blood pressure in some individuals. People with hypertension or heart disease should consult their healthcare provider before traveling to mountainous locations such as the Alps, the Andes, Bolivia, Tibet, Peru, and South Africa.
Hot and humid climates may also pose some challenges. Excessive heat can lead to dehydration and increased cardiovascular stress, particularly in places with limited shade or heat-retaining infrastructure. Bangkok, Thailand, for example, has a high concentration of soft pavements and buildings that retain heat.
When possible, consider destinations known for strong healthcare systems and environments that support heart health. Countries with lower average hypertension rates and excellent health care include Switzerland, Canada, Taiwan, Spain, South Korea, Japan, and the UK.
Warning Signs During Heat Exposure
People with a history of high blood pressure should monitor their levels during periods of extreme heat. Protective measures include applying sunscreen, wearing light clothing, and using hats or shade when outdoors.
Warning signs to watch for include:
- Cold, clammy skin
- Confusion or disorientation
- Dizziness or faintness
- Rapid pulse
- Excessive sweating or inability to sweat
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Muscle cramps or spasms
- Nausea
- Swelling in your arms or legs
Living with heart disease or high blood pressure does not mean giving up activities you enjoy, such as travel. It simply requires a few extra steps to keep you safe and healthy. With awareness, preparation, and guidance from your healthcare provider, people living with high blood pressure and heart disease can move through the world safely.
